Temperatures can fall as low as −22 °F (−30 °C). Some of these groups could not be properly commemorated until long after the war ended in order to preserve good relations with the Soviet Union. Russia has an embassy in Helsinki, a consulate-general in Turku and consulates in Lappeenranta and Mariehamn. The Merovingian period in Finland gave rise to distinctive fine crafts culture of its own, visible in the original decorations of domestically produced weapons and jewelry. [30] Thus, the northern part of the border between Catholic and Orthodox Christendom came to lie at the eastern border of what would become Finland with the Treaty of Nöteborg with Novgorod in 1323. Further inland, the societies retained their hunting-gathering lifestyles for the time being.[10]. There was a quite common, but pragmatic-minded, credit and investment cooperation by state and corporations, though it was considered with suspicion. Through the centuries, Russians and Finns fought many frantic battles, but also shared mutual peaceful times. The largest lake, Saimaa, in the southeast, covers about 1,700 square miles (4,400 square km). Other rivers flow southward into the Gulf of Finland. The Finnish national awakening in the mid-19th century was the result of members of the Swedish-speaking upper classes deliberately choosing to promote Finnish culture and language as a means of nation building, i.e. Smuggling emerged and enforcement was slipshod. In 1906, Finland became the first country in Europe where women were granted a right to vote and be elected to the newly formed parliament. Finland won independence during Russia’s revolution of 1917 but nearly lost it fighting the Soviet Union in World War Two. [77], By the 1990s, farm laborers had nearly all moved on, leaving owners of small farms. Worried by developments in Russia and Finland, the non-Socialist Senate proposed that Parliament declare Finland's independence, which was voted by the Parliament on December 6, 1917.

The new king was not a particularly talented ruler; at least not talented enough to steer his kingdom through the dangerous era of the French Revolution and Napoleonic wars. However, after the failed 1991 August Coup in Russia, Finland recognized the Baltic states and restored diplomatic relations with them. The new Senate was willing to cooperate with the Provisional government of Russia, but no agreement was reached. The result was a tendency to class conflict over nationalism, but the early 1900s the working classes split into the Valpas (class struggle emphasis) and Mäkelin (nationalist emphasis). Finnish Iron Age cultures can be separated into Finnish proper, Tavastian, and Karelian cultures. Stone Age cultures were Kunda, Comb Ceramic, Corded Ware, Kiukainen, and Pöljä cultures. Russia ruled Finland from 1809 to 1917, when Finland finally won its independence. As a result of the Great Northern War (Treaty of Nystad, 1721), Sweden had lost Estonia, Livonia, Ingria, and part of Karelia to Russia. [61][62], Nationalist sentiment remaining from the Civil War developed into the proto-Fascist Lapua Movement in 1929. Thus, rich people could cast a number of votes, while the poor perhaps none at all. The Battle Axe, or Cord Ceramic, culture seems to have practiced agriculture and animal husbandry outside of Finland, but the earliest confirmed traces of agriculture in Finland date later, approximately to the 2nd millennium BC.

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