A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900,[1] typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold in the northern areas) winters. The south-central and southwestern Prairie Provinces also fits the Dfb criteria from a thermal profile, but because of semi-arid precipitation portions of it are grouped into the BSk category. Köppen climate classification: Type C and D climates. Frost free periods normally last 4–7 months within this climate regime.[7]. [5], Using the Köppen climate classification, a climate is classified as humid continental when the temperature of the coldest month is below −3 °C [26.6 °F] and there must be at least four months whose mean temperatures are at or above 10 °C (50 °F). In addition, the location in question must not be semi-arid or arid. This is because soil and rock have a much lower heat capacity than water, and therefore gain and lose heat much more quickly. Though humidity levels are often high in locations with humid continental climates, the "humid" designation means that the climate is not dry enough to be classified as semi-arid or arid. [15] It has little warming or precipitation effects from the northern Atlantic. [19], Since climate regimes tend to be dominated by vegetation of one region with relatively homogenous ecology, those that project climate change remap their results in the form of climate regimes as an alternative way to explain expected changes. Much of central Asia, northwestern China, and southern Mongolia have a thermal regime similar to that of the Dfa climate type, but these regions receive so little precipitation that they are more often classified as steppes (BSk) or deserts (BWk). The 10 °C (50 °F) average temperature was found to be the minimum temperature necessary for tree growth.

In the Eastern Hemisphere, this climate regime is found within interior Eurasia, east-central Asia, and parts of India. The Dfb, Dwb and Dsb subtypes are also known as hemiboreal. Other articles where Continental climate is discussed: Köppen climate classification: Type C and D climates: Through a major portion of the middle and high latitudes (mostly from 25° to 70° N and S) lies a group of climates classified within the Köppen scheme as C and D types. In the UK, continental polar air in winter is very cold and temperatures associated with this air stream are usually well below average. [11] Within wetter areas, maple, spruce, pine, fir, and oak can be found. [6] These temperatures were not arbitrary. The western states of the central United States (namely Montana, Wyoming, parts of southern Idaho, most of Lincoln County in Eastern Washington, parts of Colorado, parts of Utah, western Nebraska, and parts of western North and South Dakota) have thermal regimes which fit the Dfa climate type, but are quite dry, and are generally grouped with the steppe (BSk) climates.

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