To learn about the west Peter traveled for 18 months in 1697-98 in England, France, Holland and other European countries. by Terry Gross. Search here. Peter the Great (1672 - 1725) reigned over Russia for around 43 years from 1682 till his death in 1725. Peter the Great is one of the controversial leaders in the history of the world. There, he acquired not just technical knowledge, but also learned about how Europeans lived. Then 1. When he came back from the Grand Embassy, Peter I embarked on an ambitious project of modernizing Russia so that it could compete with the European superpowers. After living in St. Petersburg for 2 months this summer, and visiting Moscow and Novgorod, the difference between the "modern" city of Petersburg, and the older Russian cities was obvious. Peter the Great (1672-1725) was heir of the Romanov dynasty and had already been governing Russia for 28 years when he visited France in 1717. At 6feet 8inches (2.03m) Peter was one of the tallest men in Europe, a fact very hard to disguise. For Peter the Great it really was out with the old and in with the new after this life-changing journey. Key Points Peter the Great of the House of Romanov ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 1682 until his death. Mineral Rights Why did Amerigo Vespucci go on his voyages? But Peter the Great was given this title not for his personal traits. [3] The Quakers presented Peter with Barclays Apology and other Quaker works. The rest of Peters reign until his death in 1725 was marked by several victories over Sweden, which led to Russias status as the supreme power in northeastern Europe. Obviously, these people were not always talented nor brave. Peter did not limit his changes to military organization and technology. The trip was not one-sided in favour of Russia, however, as England likewise benefited from Peter's visit. Why did Christopher Columbus want to go to Asia? slavery. By the time of Peter's reign, many English merchants wished to gain access to the Russian markets thanks to the large quantities of various goods they could sell to the Russians. Peter the Great modernized Russiawhich, at the start of his rule, had greatly lagged behind the Western countriesand transformed it into a major power. A new book explains how QAnon took hold of the GOP and why it's not going away. This website uses cookies. [1], At Utrecht, the encounter between the two rulers was recognized as a significant event (a medal to commemorate the occasion was created). All the chairs in the house, numbering over fifty, were broken, or had disappeared, probably used to stoke the fires. Peter the Greats reign was marked by an overriding desire to enforce reform on Russia, dragging it kicking and screaming in to line with many European practices. In the summer of 1711 Peter marched against the Turks through Bessarabia into Moldavia, but he was surrounded, with all his forces, on the Prut River. All the floors were covered with grease and ink, and three new floors had to be provided. The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Directed by Peter Jackson. As any Russian textbook would have you know, Peter the Great wanted to hack a window to Europe, which meant not just a port and a navy on the Baltic Sea, but also a city that looked European and lived in accordance with European standards. Most of the Russian people were peasant serfs, they lived in the countryside and their bearded Russian look remained the same. Peter decided to travel around Western Europe and learn as much as possible about its culture. Why was Christopher Columbus's exploration important? The History Learning Site, . He wanted Russia to be able to compete with European rivals. [5] By February, the English king inquired "en plaine cour" on the date of Peter's departure after tactics of cutting the Russians daily allowances and denying their requests for horse and a carriage didn't work. They subleased the house from John Benbow, who was at the time renting the house from John Evelyn. Why wasn't the Ottoman Empire in the Concert of Europe. 1 ago. In 1704, Russians finally took Narva, in 1709 crushed the Swedes in the battle of Poltava, and in 1714 defeated the Swedish fleet in the Battle of Gangut the first Russian victory at sea. A. to get ideas for modernizing Russia B. to make plans for an invasion of Europe C. to form alliances with Western powers D. to establish trading ties with other nations Which reform did both Maria Theresa of Austria and Frederick II of Prussia make? In 1697, Peter the Great of Russia travelled to England to learn about shipbuilding and navigation in order to establish the first Russian Navy. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. At war with either Turkey or Sweden for most of his reign, Peter took a particular interest in ships and arms. Internal revolts , the protestants broke away from Spain and made their own Give two reasons for the success of the Dutch in trading. The Romanovs took over Russia in 1613, and the first decades of their reign were marked by attempts to restore peace, both internally and with Russia's rivals. Peter also gave it a contemporary law system. Establishing St. growth, Peter wanted a seaport that would make it easier to travel to the West. I just took it on Conexus and the answers are: Get the week's best stories straight to your inbox. Omissions? On 11 September 1697 Peter met with William III, who governed both the Netherlands and England, and the States-General in October of that year. In the summer of 1698 he was back in Moscow, where he suppressed the revolt. He crushed rebellions with a cruelty and bloodlust that Russia hadn't seen since Ivan the Terrible. With Ian McKellen, Martin Freeman, Richard Armitage, Ken Stott. Nicholas II was the first Russian Tsar to travel to the Far East and Siberia. READ MORE: The war that turned Russia into a great power. "The Barber", an 18th-century Russian loubok (folk picture). , of this amendment, Southern states did take away black people's rights as citizens. The elders of the faith took note of that by sending five of their statesmen including Thomas Story and William Penn to meet with him. Founding St. Petersburg in 1703 on the marshy lands of Ingria (along the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland) was an idea that achieved all these goals at once. 39. The first steps taken in this direction were the campaigns of 1695 and 1696, with the object of capturing Azov from the Crimean Tatar vassals of Turkey. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Why did East Germany build the Berlin Wall? Which reform did both Maria Theresa of Austria and Frederick II of Prussia make? the world were located in Europe, to the west, so Peter decided to travel there to learn about ship building and all things nautical. Why did William the Conqueror build the Tower of London? In 1697, Peter the Great went on a journey with his "Great Embassy," this was a very long trip to Western Europe. Having already sent some young nobles abroad to study nautical matters, Peter, in 1697, went with the so-called Grand Embassy to western Europe. Strong tsar who regained the absolute power of earlier tsars. Why did peter the great visit Western Europe? Carmarthen also became a drinking companion to the tsar. historylearningsite.co.uk. He stayed there for 105 days. Peter showed exceptional resourcefulness and wit but had an explosive temper. What is one reason that Peter the Great greatly expanded the military during his reign? The primary goal of the mission was to strengthen and broaden the Holy League, Russia's alliance with a number of European countries against the Ottoman Empire in the Russian struggle for the northern coastline of the Black Sea. Peter looked into the very fabric of life and remodeled it according to his ideas. First actual historical accounts of potatoes in Russia are after Peter the Great's death - there are documented instances of potatoes being served at St.Petersburg's tables as early as during Anna Ioannovna rule (1730-1740), which coincides both with influx in foreign immigrants in Russia and with spread of potato cultivation in Europe. Why did Richard the Lionheart not take Jerusalem? At the beginning of Peters reign, Russia was territorially a huge power, but with no access to the Black Sea, the Caspian, or the Baltic, and to win such an outlet became the main goal of Peters foreign policy. I need a hand with this part of homework. He grew up in a free atmosphere and especially enjoyed military games. To make plans for an invasion of Europe C. To form alliances with western powers(my answer) D. To establish trading ties with other nations 2. This war lasted for 21 years and was Peters main military enterprise. Formally, peace between Russia and Sweden was forged by the Treaty of Nystad (1721), which finalized Russias territorial wins in the Baltic sea region. Why did Constantine move the capital of Rome to Constantinople? Click here to find out more. However, the earliest structures in the new city were humble in comparison to his grandiose plans. Why was Charlemagne important in medieval Europe? He hoped to investigate and learn about all types of technology and science, especially the latest on shipbuilding and navigation. After 21 long years of war, Russia finally won the window on Europe that Peter had so desperately wanted. Peter did meet with other notable intellectuals. For the Tsar, learning about naval technology was crucial to his objective of creating a truly modern navy, and Dutch sailing vessels were considered among the most advanced in the world at the time. As a young man, he travelled to Europe in 169798 to study new developments in technology, especially shipbuilding. Although at first denying audience to them,[9] Peter eventually took interest in the Quakers. The city's name has bounced around: For a decade in the 1900's it was called the . Strengthen the monarchy. Peter suffered from bladder and urinary-tract problems, and in January 1725 [Old Style] he began having trouble urinating. Why did Frederick the Great want Silesia? Peter wanted to reorganize the army. Peter the Great recognized that Russia had fallen behind western Europe. The war effectively ended in 1718, when the Swedish king Charles XII was killed. The 1896 court decision in Plessy v Ferguson became the legal basis for the next 60 years. The tsar also sought to hire foreign specialists for Russian service and to acquire military weapons. These revolts were cruelly put down. Why did Peter the Great visit Europe? nazarethmatamoros32 nazarethmatamoros32 03/24/2020 History Middle School answered Why did Peter the Great visit Europe? The Tsar, who had heard enticing reports from his contemporaries and was in the middle of carrying out work on his own palace in Peterhof, wanted to see the magnificence of the French royal residences with his own eyes. Peter the Great made it his duty to give Russia access to Europe via the sea, often referred to in history as a 'window into Europe'. In 1682, ten-year-old Peter became joint tsar with his half-brother Ivan and in 1696 began to rule alone. Stop serving, and you would be deprived of your land and serfs. He embarked on the Great Embassy beginning in 1697 where he traveled incognito to learn more about culture and . Why did Peter the Great visit western Europe quizlet? To improve his nation's position on the seas, Peter sought to gain more maritime outlets. He saw that many European nations were strong, so he traveled to Western. Emperors and Empresses from Around the (Non-Roman) World Quiz. Moreover, in a spontaneous gesture that was to go down in history, he took the young Louis XV in his arms in a sign of almost father-like affection. What was the Grand Embassy? Peter the Greats long tour of Western Europe to learn about their customs and their manufacturing techniques. The tsarevich Alexis and Catherine (to 1718). a. modernized and expanded their empires using ideas from other cultures b. introduced democratic ideas ino their political systems c. Since Russia was a communist country, art used to be used to make the government, A. Peter the great rose to power B. Russia collectivized farms C. Russia introduced the policy of glasnost D. Nicholas II was forced to give up the throne Give me the answers I. The uprising was crushed before Peter made it back from England. Why did European leaders hold the Berlin Conference? Peter conducted negotiations with Friedrich Casimir Kettler, the Duke of Courland, and concluded an alliance with King Frederick I of Prussia. A. A. Fertile Lands Why did peter the great visit Western Europe? Why was Poland so important in the Yalta Conference? Peter the Great was determined to reform the domestic structure of Russia. He founded a new capital in 1703 - Saint Petersburg - which was meant to become a symbol of the new Russia. For Russia, the war began with a devastating defeat at Narva on November 19, 1700. He was also invited to review the naval fleet at Portsmouth. 1. John Evelyn did not meet with Peter. Want to search our collection? The Battle of Gangut, engraving by Mauritius Bakua. The tiled stoves, locks to the doors, and all the paintwork had to be renewed. Unlike his half-brothers, sons of his fathers first wife, Mariya Ilinichna Miloslavskaya, Peter proved a healthy child, lively and inquisitive. 5 reasons the first Russian Emperor is remembered as an outstanding statesman to this day. During his trip to western Europe, he looked for ideas from countries like Holland and England, which already had strong navies. trust me she got 100% Ijust took it! Why did Christopher Columbus sail to the New World? From that time on Peters military effort was concentrated on winning his war against Sweden. In fact, it was led by Peter himself, who went along incognito under the name of Peter Mikhailov. With its reformed army, the country developed into one of Europes superpowers. After marking Peter the Great's 350th . One of the reasons for this was the fact that official positions were acquired by birthright only the offspring of boyar families could become boyars and occupy positions of high-ranked military commanders or civil statesmen. A. Peter was also given free access to all naval and military bases, including the arsenal and gun foundry at Woolwich. From there, Peter moved on to the Netherlands, where he took on an apprenticeship as a shipbuilder in Zaandam (the house where he lived is now a museum: http:/ /www.zaansmuseum.nl/index.php?id=52). Peter the Great: Peter the Great was tsar of Russia between 1682 and 1725. Peter imported western tech, improved education, simplified the Russian alphabet, and set up academies for the study of mathematics, science, and engineering. Peter began his reign at the age of 10. The embassy comprised about 250 people, with the grand ambassadors Franz Lefort, Fyodor Alekseyevich Golovin, and Prokopy Voznitsyn at its head. 1 See answer Advertisement Czar Peter I (later called the Great) wanted to westernize Russia, after he returned from the trip his mother sent him on to Europe. Why was it so important that Peter the Great have a seaport on the Baltic Sea? Acquaintance with its inhabitants aroused Peters interest in the life of other nations, and an English sailboat, found derelict in a shed, whetted his passion for seafaring. B. Why did Peter the Great pursue Westernization? Randall M. Miller and William Pencak, ed., Peregrine Osborne, Marquess of Carmarthen, Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation, "York House Watergate - Embankment - Hidden London history", "Interaction with Tsarist Russia: 1698 - 1919", "The Semiotics of Diplomatic Dialogue: Pomp and Circumstance in Tsar Peter I's Visit to Vienna in 1698", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Embassy_of_Peter_the_Great&oldid=1136636386, This page was last edited on 31 January 2023, at 10:17. Peter the Great recognized that Russia had fallen behind western Europe. William was in Utrecht at the time. St. Petersburg was distinctly European, in architecture and culture, and . 2 reasons for the sucess of the dutch trading were that they had the largest fleet of merchant ships in the world, and they were the most important bnkers in euro [e What did absolute monarchs believe? Yup its A C C just took the SS quick check. For example, he installed his harem in the former apartment of the prudish Mme de Maintenon, whom he insisted on meeting despite her old age. He is known for having turned his country, which was. d While in Britain, he had an affair with Letitia Cross. Quick Answer: How To Travel Western Europe, Quick Answer: Where To Travel In Western Europe, Quick Answer: How To Travel Around Western Europe Cheap, How Many People Have Hiked The Great Western Loop. He studied the English techniques of city-building. Afterwards he went to Amsterdam and with a little help from its mayor, Nicolaas Witsen (an expert on shipbuilding), Peter was able to put what he had learned in Zaandam to use by going to work at the largest shipbuilding yard in the world. He particularly liked Marly, which had been Louis XIVs private estate, because of its smaller size and modern design. What were three goals of Peter the Great? On his way back to Russia, Peter the Great met with Augustus II of Poland-Lithuania and conducted negotiations with him, which would form the basis for the Russo-Polish alliance against Sweden in the Great Northern War. In comparison to the west, Russia was a Why did peter the great visit Western Europe? After the victory over Sweden, Russia declared itself the Russian Empire, and Peter adopted the Emperors title. He was proclaimed co-tsar of Russia after his older brother's death in 1682. A. allowing freedom of speech Tsar Peter the Great of Russia's Visit to England Russia had followed a different path to much of Western Europe for centuries. At age 10 Peter became joint tsar with his half brother and, because of power struggles, often feared for his safety. At the same time, Russia desperately needed access to the sea and new trade ties with Europe. He was a great tsar. After England, Peters entourage collectively journeyed to the cities of Leipzig, Dresden, and Vienna, and met with August the Strong, the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and Leopold I, the Holy Roman Emperor and a frequent antagonist of the Ottoman Empire. Many of the most notable were on the yacht that took them to Arkhangelsk.[6]. The goal of this mission was to strengthen and broaden the Holy League, Russia's alliance with a number of European countries against the Ottoman Empire in its struggle for the northern coastline of the Black Sea. In 1703, a fleet was founded in the Baltic Sea, and by the end of Peter's reign 28,000 men were serving there, on 49 ships and 800 smaller vessels. For some the last one is not C for me it was B so I got a 67% for the question that says "use the drop down menu to complete the sentence" the answer is bodies of water. Get the week's best stories straight to your inbox. Answer (1 of 10): Robert K. Massie's biography of Peter is worth reading. Who was the founder of St.Petersburg Russia? (4 ways) 1) they were cut of geographically, no warm water port When did Peter the Great visit Western Europe? A. to get ideas for modernizing Russia Grand Embassy of Peter the Great Peter visited the Royal Observatory, the Royal Mint, the Royal Society, the University of Oxford, as well as several shipyards and artillery plants. [17] Sir Christopher Wren, the royal surveyor, added up the bill. Alternate titles: Peter the Great, Pyotr Alekseyevich, Pyotr Veliky, Former Senior Scientific Associate, Institute of History of the U.S.S.R., Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Moscow. If you do not want to help them, then get off this site. The Gobelins Manufacture, for example, inspired the creation of an upholstery factory, andmirrors began to be made in great numbers in Russia based on the French royal mirror Manufacture, despite the Orthodox churchs prohibition at the time from admiring ones reflection. Peter embarked upon this trip through Europe to learn and later adapt Western systems into Russia. He grew up to be a very tall, exceptionally strong man who could instill fear in his subjects. Debunking 5 myths about how St. Petersburg was built, Black teeth & dilated pupils: beauty standards of XVII Century Russia, The war that turned Russia into a great power, 5 things that Peter the Great brought to Russia, From shaving to potatoes: 5 things that Peter the Great brought to Russia, 5 facts about the war that turned Russia into a great power. Question 2-C. Establishing public schools Why did Hitler admire Frederick the Great? In addition to his military prowess and tactical mind, Peter was a lawmaking genius. All rights reserved by Rossiyskaya Gazeta. The Grand Embassy (Russian: , romanized:Velkoye posl'stvo) was a Russian diplomatic mission to Western Europe from 9 March 1697 to 25 August 1698 led by Peter the Great. The peasant serfs and the poorer urban workers had to bear the greatest hardships in wartime and moreover were intensively exploited in the course of Peters great work for the modernization and development of Russia (see below Internal reforms). Why were the crusades significant to the future of Europe? If using any of Russia Beyond's content, partly or in full, always provide an active hyperlink to the original material. Peter personally issued numerous ukazes (orders) that very often regulated details in the daily life of Russians not only beards, but styles of clothing, and rules of public behavior. Why is the Berlin important to world history? The curtains, quilts, and bed linen were 'tore in pieces.' By the Treaty of Nystad (September 10 [August 30, O.S. Peter ordered Russian women to stop painting their teeth black with soot, taught citizens to bury their garbage in specially organized places, ordered scythes to be used instead of sickles during harvest, etc. Why was St. Petersburg so important to the Russian Empire? Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Peter the Great recognized that Russia had fallen behind western Europe. The first leg of the trip was considered unsuccessful. "Tsar Peter's Amusement Regiments at Kozhukhovo" by Alexey Kivshenko, 1862. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Why did Peter the Great build St Petersburg? He would put this knowledge to use several years later when he founded St. Petersburg. What was Peter the Greats trip to Western Europe called? Peter was interested in in ships and arms at Europe. 10 Major Accomplishments of Peter the Great. In 1712, Peter the Great declared the new city of St. Petersburg as the Capital of Russia, thus displacing Moscow as the seat of government. Pyotr Mikhaylov, Peter familiarized himself with conditions in the advanced countries of the West. After Peter died in 1725, she became empress. The marriage did not last long: Peter soon began to ignore his wife, and in 1698 he relegated her to a convent. The Grand Embassy failed to accomplish its main goal, but it gathered valuable information about the international situation, ascertained the impossibility of strengthening the anti-Turkish coalition due to the imminent War of the Spanish Succession, and brought back the plans for gaining access to the Baltic Sea. 28 January] 1725), [note 2] most commonly known as Peter the Great, [pron 1] was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from 7 May [ O.S. Peter's father, Tsar Alexis, had severed diplomatic and commercial ties with England following the execution of King Charles I in 1649. Petersburg founded by Peter the Great. Through his numerous reforms, Russia made incredible progress in the development of its economy and trade, education, science and culture, and foreign policy. Pyotr Mikhaylov, Peter familiarized himself with conditions in the advanced countries of the West. The conflict was around the control of the Baltic Sea and its shores. How did England help Russia to establish its navy in the early 18th century? More than any other person, this Tsar changed the direction of Russian history, and many believe that he transformed the country and opened it up to the west. 27 April] 1682 to 1721 and subsequently the Russian Empire until his death in 1725, jointly ruling with his elder half-brother, Ivan V until Peter was the son of Tsar Alexis by his second wife, Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina. Records from the time attest that few European leaders were fooled by the disguise. Why was Peter the Hermit supported by the Catholic Church? 1. Peter I, Russian in full Pyotr Alekseyevich, byname Peter the Great, Russian Pyotr Veliky, (born June 9 [May 30, Old Style], 1672, Moscow, Russiadied February 8 [January 28], 1725, St. Petersburg), tsar of Russia who reigned jointly with his half-brother Ivan V (168296) and alone thereafter (16961725) and who in 1721 was proclaimed emperor (imperator). There, he was appointed the vice-admiral for the Russian Navy and became the most influential adviser to the Tsar for maritime affairs for decades to come. Peter the Great was clearly a major influence on the city of St. Petersburg. Peter and part of the Embassy arrived in England on 11 January 1698, and left on 21 April. [3] The damage was so extensive that: No part of the house escaped damage. Take a closer look with the unique Van de Velde drawings collection, Join us live online as we attempt to sight the new crescent Moon which signals the start of Ramadan in the UK, Search our online database and exploreour objects, paintings, archives and library collectionsfrom home, Come behind the scenes at our state-of-the-art conservation studio, Visit the world's largest maritime library and archive collection at the National Maritime Museum, The Van de Veldes: Greenwich, Art and the Sea, Astronomy Photographer of the Year exhibition, A Sea of Drawings: the art of the Van de Veldes, The Prince Philip Maritime Collections Centre. Peter the Great is one of the most important figures in Russian History. His decree ordered that Russia observe calendar years from the birth of Christ. [19], On 21 April 1698 Peter left England for Holland. How was Peter the Great so tall? Peter the Great was that rare autocrat that liked to lead by example. Near Preobrazhenskoye there was a nemetskaya sloboda (German colony) where foreigners were allowed to reside. The Gospels writers somehow plumb the depths of meaning with simple phrases and stories, such as Pontius Pilate's response to Jesus: "What is truth?" These words coming from He adopted mercantilist policies, such as encouraging exports, to pay for his reforms. Peter the Great and Catherine the Great fought wars to expand Russian territory and gain access to Why did Vladimir the Great choose Christianity? The calendar was changed to better align with the European one. super girl is right its Why did Christopher Columbus want to go to India? What aspects of the West Peter choose to emulate? From 30 May to 24 September 2017, the Grand Trianon will feature Peter the Great, a tsar in France, an exhibition commemorating the tercentenary of the Russian tsar's diplomatic visit to Paris and the surrounding area in May and June 1717. Why did Peter the Great visit Western Europe? This time, it was Versailles that inspired him. The project had its roots in Tsar Peter's days travelling around Europe. Ivan and Peter were then proclaimed joint tsars, and eventually, because of Ivans precarious health and Peters youth, Ivans 25-year-old sister Sophia was made regent. Why did Peter the Great build a navy? . Around this time, he began taking great interest in sailing, meeting . In just a few decades, the country . Meanwhile, the services of foreign experts were engaged for work in Russia. This battle showed the inefficiency of the Russian army. He was eager to borrow European technology, the kind that could give him the army and navy he needed to make Russia a great power. Peter travelled to Western Europe in 1697 in order to gain support for Russia's ongoing confrontations with the Ottoman Empire. Owing to his obsession with Europe, Peter ordered the city to be designed like the Dutch capital Amsterdam, resulting in the Russian capital's many grand canals and bridges. ], 1721) the eastern shores of the Baltic were at last ceded to Russia, Sweden was reduced to a secondary power, and the way was opened for Russian domination over Poland. READ MORE: Debunking 5 myths about how St. Petersburg was built. Sophia and her faction tried to use it to their own advantage for another coup dtat, but events this time turned decisively in Peters favour. This is evident, for instance, in the disbandment of the streltsy, after their failed 1698 revolt, and the creation of a new regular army. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. But in the cities, Peter made men pay a substantial fee if they wanted to keep wearing a beard (this applied to all citizens except the clergy). Navigation. A. To consolidate this success Taganrog was founded on the northern shore of the Don estuary, and the building of a large navy was started. The Tsar was won over by the child king and wanted to give him his daughterin marriage, but the project fell through. Peter intended all Russians to begin living and looking like Europeans. [2] The Dutch had one of the most sophisticated shipyard operations in Europe but most of their work method were not written down. Why did Christopher Columbus sail for Spain and not Italy? On the diplomatic side of the Grand Embassy, Peter conducted negotiations with the Dutch and British governments for alliances against Turkey, but the Maritime Powers did not wish to involve themselves with him because they were preoccupied with the problems that were soon to come to a crisis, for them, in the War of the Spanish Succession.

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