In this activity, students will be asked to imagine that they are research assistants gathering evidence for a prominent historian (the teacher) during the years following Reconstruction. endstream endobj 419 0 obj <>stream How did Amendments 13, 14, & 15 help African Americans? Where did most black Americans live in 1900? endstream endobj 117 0 obj <>stream The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted blacks born in the United States the same rights as white citizens, also became law (in April) over the president's objection. States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act. The reconstruction period had its successes and failures. Lincoln "pocket-vetoed" this bill by refusing to sign it after Congress had adjourned. In preparation for teaching this lesson, the teacher should review the entire lesson plan, including introductory background information. In actuality carpetbaggers were people who came down from the North to help freedmen and poor whites through the Freedmen's Bureau. Segregation of both the official and unofficial variety took root. In February 1868, after months of investigation, the House voted to impeach the president, largely on the grounds that Johnson had violated the Tenure of Office Act in firing Edwin Stanton. What connections do you see between the realities in Latin America and South Africa? The Southerners saw the Freedmen's Bureau as an organization giving free food to freedmen but never requiring them to work, making them lazy. The historian (i.e., the teacher) will preside over the presentations and discussions and help the class distill the information gathered so that the class, together, can compose a two-page brief for the historian summarizing the impact of the Reconstruction debate over voting rights on the politics of the nation in 1877. This meant that the huge majorities Republicans then enjoyed were, so to speak, operating on borrowed time. The teacher will also want to discuss the vernacular and odd spellings that occasionally come through in diary entries and interviews with ordinary citizens and ex-slaves. Republicans were in control of both the House and Senate, and they gave a ringing endorsement to the amendment and congressional, not presidential, Reconstruction. State conventions, elected by universal male suffrage, were to draw up new constitutions, which had to give blacks the right to vote and had to be approved by Congress. HUn0+(cj , @X! List the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. Removing #book# But charges of corruption were not limited to Grants administration. Moreover, the horrors of the late war were alive in the memories of most Americans and the real or imagined threat of resumed and open hostilities operated with more persuasive force than the best of arguments. Gp}1:qr +sWg" ^8u1k^l2GPt%,}cAZwf? You can find more resources to supplement this lesson at ourSmithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era. With an interactive map that combines statistics with the thoughts and ideas of people living through this difficult period, students will consider the ways in which efforts at recovery were either successful or disappointing. The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in the country and, subsequently, how these attitudes helped or hindered politics upon the conclusion of the Reconstruction era. The teacher may also want to point out that original documents, such as these, retain their original spelling and syntaxeven if incorrect. In this paper we utilize saliency maps to evaluate whether this correlation exists. How did the stereotype of carpetbaggers compare with the reality? Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. [c5vk~a5T?, P[oFVB-"X7/S{+} 2b(RG,}ti\ Explain your choice. there was corruption, but no more in the South than the North and no more than usual in the gov't, but Democrats kept this myth alive to keep power. Why did Republicans retreat from their commitment to black voting and civil rights? The Tenure of Office Act required the president to obtain approval from the Senate to remove any officeholder that the Senate had confirmed. This show of weakness seemed to set the tone for Grants administration (1869-77) which, though it seemed to offer some promise to restore order and sanity to the South, actually accomplished very little in this realm. Its members where southern whites that did not agree with the ideas of Reconstruction. ISAISIP TAYAHIN Aling isyu na may kinalaman sa paggalang sa buhay ng tao ang tumutukoy A. Ipakita ang iyong pagkaunawa sa ma konseptong tinatalakay sa pamamagitan paglalaglag sa sanggol mula sa. In part, Grants administration suffered because of some real and some exaggerated charges of corruptionmost of which did not directly involve Grant but tarnished him nonetheless. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. What was the congressional response? CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. African American males would not have the right to vote until the Fourteenth Amendment was passed. xT+&DLeD 414 0 obj <> endobj Force Acts, KKK Act, gave president authority to call in federal troops if needed, but it happened only once. In early 1866, Congressional Republicans, appalled by mass killing of ex-slaves and adoption of restrictive black codes, seized control of Reconstruction from President Johnson. The Learning Page at the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress includes a set of activities to develop primary document skills. Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends, Next Any items you have not completed will be marked incorrect. was a name for southern whites who supported Reconstruction in the South, often Republican. Established in March 1865, the Bureau had provided blacks in the South with material assistance, schools, and guidance in settling on abandoned land. Upon completing this lesson, students will begin to see the ways in which a political and constitutional crisis emboldened some lasting divisions within American society and, perhaps what is more important, the ways in which the crisis forged a new path for a stronger and more perfect Union. The vote in the Senate was thirtyfive to nineteen in favor of conviction, one short of the necessary twothirds majority. Exclusion of the last group reflected Johnson's hatred of the planter aristocracy rather than some condition that had to do with restoring the former Confederate states. Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. Enough Republican senators appreciated the fact that Johnson's offenses were political and that they did not fall under the high crimes and misdemeanors specified in the Constitution for presidential impeachment. These conditions made it quite difficult for the Republican Party to get much of a foothold in the South among any except black voters and those who had relocated from the North. What did the Black Codes indicate to the North? The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional that they had to keep the black vote in the south and protect black voting rights in order to win future elections. bookmarked pages associated with this title. Booth, a stage actor, had ties to the Confederate cause. Reconstruction Era National Historic Park in Beaufort, South Carolina defines Reconstruction as having started in 1861 (the beginning of the American Civil War) and lasting until the early twentieth century. The Reconstruction Act was refined by subsequent legislation. (.EVDY(*BAwz{}}$awd$J7 IBFQ` This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. They had to have enough money to pay poll tax and had to pass a literacy test. When the groups have completed their worksheets and concluded their discussion, the teacher, as Committee chairman, should lead the groups in brief presentations to the class (the Congressional Committee) highlighting their findings. a person from the northern states who went to the South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction. The sharecropping model left many tenant farmers in such dire straits that it was nearly impossible to break free from their economic shackles. Poll taxes prevented poor citizens from being able to vote. What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, was established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. Many Southerners were scared of rebellion. More recent interpretations, however, offer a broader timeline for Reconstruction. The Freedmans Bureau played a key role in helping African Americans gain access to basic needs, education, property, and health care during Reconstruction. How might a fact like this have affected opinions on questions such as civil rights, government contracts for major infrastructure improvements (such as railroads) and shaped views on questions such as education? Tradesmen hoping to take advantage of the vast number of construction contracts being offered to rebuild the war-torn South. The end of the war brought with it much devastation and, of course, those who knew how to turn devastation into opportunity. 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