I thought you might like to see a memorial for Dutch Schultz I found on Findagrave.com. However, all would die within the next two days. He went to a prison in Blackwell's Island, now called Roosevelt Island. This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Schultz research. He extorted money from local unions and this paved the way for his gambling operations at casinos. Thank you for fulfilling this photo request. Best Known For: Gangster Dutch Schultz built up a criminal network that included bootlegging, illegal gambling and murder. Although the police were unable to extract anything coherent from Schultz, his rambling was fully transcribed by a police stenographer. He and his personal bodyguard, Bernard Lulu Rosenkrantz, drove the safe to an undisclosed location near Phoenicia, New York and buried it. Dutch Schultz, byname of Arthur Flegenheimer, (born Aug. 6, 1902, Bronx, N.Y., U.S.died Oct. 23, 1935, Newark, N.J.), American gangster of the 1920s and '30s who ran bootlegging and other rackets in New York City. However, they were involved in smuggling liquor and beer into New York City from Canada. Infamous gangster Dutch Schultz first turned to burglary after his father left his family and later began bootlegging. One jerk at his vest and he had it in his hand. His wife is Frances (1932 - 24 October1935)( his death)( 2 children). [6], When Flegenheimer began working at a neighborhood night club owned by a small-time mobster, he started robbing craps games before turning to burglary. This led to another bloody gang war, but Coll was killed reportedly by members of Schultzs gang in February 1932. Dutch worked at a local night club that was owned by a small-time mobster. Discover Dutch Schultz's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. Judge Excoriates Jury Of Farmers. His real name was Arthur Simon Flegenheimer, and his parents were German Jewish immigrants, Emma and Herman Flegenheimer. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. The strategy worked, as he was acquitted of tax evasion in late summer 1935. By 1930 he was targeted by both the Internal Revenue Service and New York Special Prosecutor Thomas E. Dewey. When a second ambulance arrived from Newark City Hospital, Schultz gave an intern in the ambulance $3,000 in cash because he thought he was dying and said that it was not going to do him any good where he was going. Six years later Uncle Charlie received a life sentence for the murder. Diamond was killed 1931, by one of the members of the Schultz gang. At the time of his death, the safe was still interred; as no evidence existed to indicate that either Schultz or Rosenkrantz had ever revealed the location of the safe to anyone, the exact place where the safe was buried died with them. Both men were drinking heavily as the argument continued, and Schultz sucker-punched Martin. One of his chief lieutenants soon met with Sicilian gangster Charlie Lucky Luciano, who planned to take control of Schultzs activities. Dutch was tried twice for income tax evasion in 1935. In 1933 he was acquitted of a charge of income-tax fraud; but, in hiding out for months prior to the trial, he had lost much of his business to his New York rivals. Research genealogy for Herbert (Dutch) Schultz of Brenham, Washington, Texas, USA, as well as other members of the Schultz family, on Ancestry. Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? Locals in Phoenicia, New York, were questioned at the time, and some reported having seen two men wearing fedora hats with shovels in a grove of pine trees along Esopus Creek near Phoenicia. Are you sure that you want to delete this memorial? After surgery, when it looked as if Schultz might live, the intern was so worried that Schultz would come back for his cash that he handed in the money. Home wwe 2k20 moveset dutch schultz family tree. When Schultz refused, Coll formed his own crew with the ultimate goal of murdering Schultz and taking over his territory. He was 18 at that time. Dutch expanded his illegal operations by including a policy racket that was similar to lottery. Geni World Family Tree NealSchultz Neal Jay Schultz Far from the complex philanthropy of Bumpy Johnson and the. Dutch had a younger sister named Helen, born in 1904. Please reset your password. No apparent attempt was made on the life of Irish-American mobster John M. Dunn, who later became the brother-in-law of mobster Edward J. McGrath and a powerful member of the Hell's Kitchen Irish mob. [1] An enraged Schultz said he would kill Dewey anyway and walked out of the meeting. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. He eventually died from his injuries 29 hours after the shooting.[1]. Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person. Arthur Flegenheimer (Dutch Schultz) Part 2 of 5 View. [15] The Murder, Inc. leader Albert Anastasia approached Luciano with information that Schultz had asked him to stake out Dewey's apartment building on Fifth Avenue. Luciano argued that a Dewey assassination would precipitate a massive law enforcement crackdown. He was married to Frances. Son of Herman Flegenheimer and Emma Flegenheimer You will have to please tell him, you got no case. Details of his personal life are shrouded in mystery. You can customize the cemeteries you volunteer for by selecting or deselecting below. None of the men died at the scene and were transported to the hospital. Partner of Frances Flegenheimer You have chosen this person to be their own family member. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dutch-Schultz, Bridgeport Library - Bridgeport History Center - Dutch Schultz. The hit was carried out by Murder Inc members (Charles Workman and . However, this brazen move led to a bootleg war with New Yorks Irish Mob led by Jack Legs Diamond. Flegenheimer/Schultz's mugshot, aged 18, was published in the 2010 book New York City Gangland. Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. Share this memorial using social media sites or email. His father had abandoned the family, a fact he would be in denial about for the rest of his life. Schultz took the secret to his grave Try again. Schultz wanted to kill Dewey for giving him so many legal problems. He hid out for months and finally surrendered in 1934, he was tried twice, the first trial ended with a hung jury and he was acquitted in the second. 0% Complete. Schultz was indicted in New York in January 1933 and became a fugitive. Dutch Schultz, born Arthur Flegenheimer to German immigrant Jews in 1902, grew up in the slums of The Bronx. Early History of the Shultz family. cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Before his death, he gave a series of rambling and cryptic statements, but he never named his killer. Weve updated the security on the site. Many large databases are available to search covering from births, deaths and marriages, military records, census records and immigration records with many other smaller collections too. In 1930, one of his enforcers, Vincent Coll, demanded to be made an equal partner, and when Schultz refused, Coll formed his own crew with the ultimate goal of murdering Schultz and taking over his territory. The Schultz gang soon expanded into Manhattan which led to full out gang war with the Jack "Leggs" Diamond gang. He left his school when he was in the eighth grade to support his mother. Dutch Schultz was born on August 6, 1901, as Arthur Flegenheimer in Bronx, New York to Emma and Herman Flegenheimer. The plain-speaking Schultz was closed-mouthed about his wealth, but he made a fortune in his illicit activities and was known to be extremely frugal. Please enter your email and password to sign in. Learn about how to make the most of a memorial. On November 18, 2020, a PBS Secrets of the Dead episode entitled "Gangster's Gold" premiered which detailed the investigation and the hunt for Schultz's lost treasure. This was part of his plan to have his trials moved from New York City to upstate. Dutch Schultz was born Arthur Flegenheimer on August 6, 1902, in the Bronx section of New York City. Finally, Martin admitted that he had taken $20,000, which he believed he was "entitled to" anyway. Death . We have estimated Believing that a guilty verdict was a foregone conclusion at the second trial, Luciano and his allies implemented their plan to take control. Sheldon A. Oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo(s). After six hours of deliberations, the Commission ordered Louis Buchalter to eliminate "The Dutchman."[16]. This flower has been reported and will not be visible while under review. You get ahead with the dot dash system didn't I speak that time last night. This marked the beginning of his huge criminal empire and he was at loggerheads with mobsters like Legs Diamond and Vincent "Mad Dog" Coll. A brutal mobster and ruthless racketeer, Arthur "Dutch Schultz" Flegenheimer was one of the most intimidating figures of the 1930s. With the end of Prohibition, Dutch Schultz needed to find new sources of income. However, this brazen move led to a bootleg war with New York's Irish Mob, led by Jack "Legs" Diamond. In February 1932, Coll was lured into a trap. The police believed Hanrahan was an enforcer for the Patriarca crime family. Thomas E. Dewey had to give up his plan to prosecute Schultz for his illegal gambling crimes. city hospital are. "It is just a matter for someone to find it," Alterman said in the . He was prosecuted for tax evasion by Thomas Dewey and later asked permission to murder Dewey and was denied. Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? In his 1960 anthology Parodies, Dwight Macdonald presents Schultz's last words as a parody of Gertrude Stein. Martin/Modgilewsky successfully extracted thousands of dollars of tributes and "dues" from the terrorized restaurant owners for Schultz. His parents married in Manhattan on November 10, 1900. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. Dutchpassed away on October 24 1935, at age 34 in Newark. The following year, Schultz was tried twice for income tax evasion. Schultz received the last rites from a Catholic priest at his request just before he went into surgery. Upon hearing the news, the Commission held a discreet meeting to discuss the matter. You need a Find a Grave account to continue. Research genealogy for Herman Louis "Dutch" Schultz of Belmond, Wright Co., Iowa, USA, as well as other members of the Schultz family, on Ancestry. Thanks for using Find a Grave, if you have any feedback we would love to hear from you. Learn more about merges. or don't show this againI am good at figuring things out. In the early hours of October 16, 1928, Noe was shot several times outside the Chateau Madrid, a speakeasy at 231 West 54th. At the age of 17 he was arrested for burglary and served 17 months in prison for the crime the only prison sentence he would ever serve. Some of Schultz's last words were: - A boy has never weptnor dashed a thousand kin., - You can play jacks, and girls do that with a soft ball and do tricks with it., - Oh, Oh, dog Biscuit, and when he is happy he doesnt get snappy.. In the mid 1920s, Schultz had begun work as a bouncer at the Hub Social Club, a small speakeasy in the Bronx owned by a gangster named Joey Noe. The New York crime bosses disliked the possible publicity, and on the evening of Oct. 23, 1935, Schultz and three of his bodyguards were bullet-riddled in a Newark restaurant by New York gunmen Charles Workman and Emmanuel Mendy Weiss. Remove advertising from a memorial by sponsoring it for just $5. Dutchlived in The Bronx. On the evening of March 2, 1935, Schultz invited Martin to a meeting at the Harmony Hotel in Cohoes, New York. On 8 December 1920, Dutch was released on parole and worked with Schultz Trucking, a shipping company. Around this time, Schultz continued to grow his illicit enterprises, adding illegal gambling to his portfolio of profitable crimes. When the first ambulance arrived, medics determined Landau and Rosenkrantz were the most seriously wounded and needed to be taken immediately to Newark City Hospital. All photos appear on this tab and here you can update the sort order of photos on memorials you manage. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! Beat Generation author William S. Burroughs published a screenplay in novel form titled The Last Words of Dutch Schultz in the early 1970s, while Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson connected Schultz's words to a global Illuminati-related conspiracy, making them a major part of 1975's The Illuminatus! His first trial resulted in a hung jury, and he was acquitted in the second case. He lingered for almost one day, speaking in various states of lucidity with his wife, mother, a priest, police, and hospital staff, before he died of peritonitis on October 24, 1935. As the safe has never been recovered, treasure hunters have annually returned to look for it in the Catskills. Schultz's enemies are said to have spent the remainder of their lives searching for the safe. Born in the Bronx, New York as Arthur Simon Flegenheimer to German Jewish immigrants, he later became known as Dutch Schultz. They stashed the safe beneath the skull-shaped rock formation known as the Devils Face before returning to Phoenicia by three oclock that afternoon. Today, Dutch Schultz's treasure is said to be worth more than $50 million dollars. One night the Noe-Schultz gang kidnapped Joe, beat him and hung him by his thumbs from a meat hook. Weakened by two tax evasion trials led by prosecutor Thomas Dewey, Schultz's rackets were also threatened by fellow mobster Lucky Luciano. Geni requires JavaScript! In the meantime, Schultz wanted to kill U.S. Attorney Thomas Dewey, but the National Crime Syndicate unanimously agreed against the idea, with Luciano arguing that a Dewey assassination would precipitate a massive law enforcement crackdown. Hoodlums in New York Killed ln clarm of Gangsters NEW YORK, Oct. "American) The Boston Evening American publishes exclusively today, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States, awaited emergency operations in Newark (N. We recommend you to check the complete list of Famous People born on 6 August. Are you adding a grave photo that will fulfill this request? From then on, the Noe-Schultz gang met little opposition as they expanded across the entire Bronx. As the defense costs to fight his tax case mounted, Schultz had found it necessary to reduce the commission he paid to those running his policy rackets to bolster what he called the "Arthur Flegenheimer Defense Fund." Private spouse Private parent Ann Wasserman mother About Debbie Wasserman Schultz, U.S. Congress Deborah "Debbie" Wasserman Schultz (born September 27, 1966) is an American politician. It is one of the best-known gangland murders of the 20th Century. Chris and Casey Keefer are in upstate New York tracking down the lost fortune of Dutch Schultz. Uncle Charlie, a Murder Inc. assassin killed Dutch Schultz in a Newark N.J. tavern in October 1935. His biggest enemies were Legs Diamond and the IRS. He was buried in theRoman Catholic Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Hawthorne, Westchester County, New York. This is a carousel with slides. Genealogy for Ardie "Dutch" Schultz (deceased) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Arthur Bernard "Dutch" Schultz Birth 26 Jan 1923. 20, "Schultz is shot, one aide killed, and 3 wounded", "Dutch Schultz: Beer Baron of the Bronx October 23, 1935 Crime Library on truTV.com", "Newark Approves Demolition of Building Where Gangster Was Slain", Dutch Schultz Gangster @J-Grit: The Internet Index of Tough Jews, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dutch_Schultz&oldid=1142772542, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 08:21. The group soon expanded its operations from the Bronx into Manhattan, but this led to a territorial conflict with Legs Diamond. Background: Dutch Schultz was born Arthur Flegenheimer in 1902, but he was already a career criminal by the age of twenty-five. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Ardie "Dutch" Schultz: Dutch started interacting with a lot of criminals. This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. He reportedly had other wives as well. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. The most Schultz families were found in the USA in 1920. Though Noe managed to survive the ambush, he died a month later. Oops, something didn't work. Rosenkrantz called for an ambulance before he lost consciousness. Before he was killed, he was said to have buried a treasure trove in the Catskill Mountains. Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love. You may not upload any more photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 20 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 5 photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 30 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 15 photos to this memorial. Free trials are normally available and are a . Around this time Schultz expanded into illegal gambling, operating slot machines and a type of lottery carefully controlled by a strategy devised by his accountant, Otto Berman, so there were very few winners. Dixie Davis related what happened next: Dutch Schultz was ugly; he had been drinking and suddenly he had his gun out. Landau's carotid artery was severed by a bullet passing through his neck, and Rosenkrantz was hit repeatedly at point-blank range. After his release, Schultz returned to the streets and his gang of thugs. Try again later. [11] During his absence, his gang was forced to leave the city. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. He had been hit in the spleen, stomach, colon, and liver. . When he was in his early teens his father left the family, he dropped out of school and began his career as a burglar, quickly escalating into illegal gambling. This led Flegenheimer to start associating with known criminals. Omissions? He is from USA. Retaliation started a few weeks later when Arnold Rothstein, a kingpin in the Jewish mob, was found fatally shot near the service entrance to the Park Central Hotel on November 6, 1928. There are no volunteers for this cemetery. Born in the Bronx, Schultz took his alias from an old-time Bronx gangster and advanced from burglaries to bootlegging, ownership of breweries and speakeasies, and policy rackets in the Bronx and parts of Manhattan. His gang engaged in a number of bloody gang wars. In an attempt to avert his conviction, Schultz asked the Commission for permission to kill Dewey, which they refused. Children: Anne Davis (b. There was a problem getting your location. Spouse/Ex-: Frances Flegenheimer (m. 19321935), children: Anne Davis Flegenheimer, John David Flegenheimer, place of death: Newark, New Jersey, United States, See the events in life of Dutch Schultz in Chronological Order, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Schultz_dutch_mug.jpg, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TT0cJc98EQM. In the 1910 census, Emma was listed as divorced as Herman had abandoned the family. Dutch Schultz was a New York City-area mobster of the 1920s and 1930s who made a fortune in criminal activities. Those who refused to join the Association were faced with exorbitant wage demands from the unions, followed by strikes and stink bomb attacks. One version told some 50 years ago by a local old-timer claimed that he had seen Schultz and Rosenkranz when they stopped for lunch at the Phoenicia Hotel. Diamond was rushed to the Polyclinic Hospital in Manhattan, where he eventually recovered. His net worth has been growing significantly in 2021-2022. In 1933, the authorities started taking notice of his illicit business and he was indicted on a tax charge. 0 cemeteries found in Hawthorne, Westchester County, New York, USA. [19] The building that housed the Palace Chop House was torn down in 2008.[20]. Dutch's Spirits produces its own line of products. You can always change this later in your Account settings. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. In 1930, one of Schultz's enforcers, Vincent Coll, demanded to be made an equal partner. The authorities weren't finished with him yet, especially New York special prosecutor Thomas E. Dewey. You get ahead with the dot dash system didn't I speak that time last night. This was because Schultz gang members received a flat salary instead of the customary percentage from the takea unique arrangement compared to other major gangs in organized crime. He was sent to prison for burglary, where he served 17 months. A blue Cadillac was seen hitting some parked cars and losing one of its doors before speeding away. The Tipple Family Goes Behind the Scenes at Georgia Sea Turtle Center. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Please, please, oh please. GREAT NEWS! Wayne County, Michigan, USA. Also learn how He earned most of Dutch Schultz networth? This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. However, before that could happen, other gangsters who felt nervous about this move decided to kill Schultz instead. To view a photo in more detail or edit captions for photos you added, click the photo to open the photo viewer. Dutch Schultz was born on August 6, 1901 in Bronx, New York, USA as Arthur Simon Flegenheimer. Crime buffs know that Flegenheimer Arthur S. Flegenheimer to be exact was the real name of Dutch Schultz, a cold-blooded bootlegging kingpin of the Prohibition era who may have been . In it, a former lawyer of Dutch Schultz recalled a 2-by-3-foot steel box filled with diamonds, gold coins and $1,000 bills. Edit a memorial you manage or suggest changes to the memorial manager. His answer came with Otto "Abbadabba" Berman and the Harlem numbers racket. . The sponsor of a memorial may add an additional. While on his deathbed in 1935, Schultz rambled incoherently about a $7 million dollar fortune he had buried in upstate New York. [1] Landau and Rosenkrantz refused to say anything to the police until Schultz had given them permission after he had arrived in the second ambulance. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Dutch Schultz (932)? When he returned home, Diamond began carving out a new territory for himself in Albany. Berman collapsed immediately after he was shot. Giant Sequoia Trees Through a Tiny Lens. He was born Arthur Simon Flegenheimer on August 6, 1901, in the Bronx borough of New York City to German Jewish immigrants Herman and Emma Neu Flegenheimer. Based in New York City in the 1920s and 1930s, he made his fortune in organized crime, including bootlegging and the numbers racket. The first case ended with a hung jury, and he was acquitted in the second one. He called for anyone who could hear him to get an ambulance. The gambling racket netted Schultz a multimillion-dollar-a-month tax free income. Historical Mystery Dutch Schultz was a gangster in the 1930s who became wealthy through bootlegging and numbers running. Kevin Hanrahan was forever at the top of the list of suspects whenever cops in Rhode Island had an unsolved murder case on their hands. She is the U.S. Representative for Florida's 23rd congressional district, a member of the Democratic Party and the Chairperson of the Democratic National Committee. Shortly after his return . . However, his actions permanently damaged his relationships with both his own gang members and other associates. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots. Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. In the mid-1920s, Schultz went to work as a bouncer at the Hub Social Club, a small speakeasy in the Bronx owned by a gangster named Joey Noe. You are nearing the transfer limit for memorials managed by Find a Grave. Schultz is believed to have ordered the killing of Diamond's associate Arnold Rothstein in retaliation, and Diamond himself met a bitter end in 1931, reportedly at the hands of one of Schultz's thugs. Although George "Hump" McManus supposedly killed Rothstein over a bad gambling debt, Schultz is believed to have ordered the killing in retribution for Noe's death. Try again later. When police found the car an hour later, they discovered the body of a Louis Weinberg (no relation to Schultz gang members Abraham "Bo" Weinberg and George Weinberg) in the back seat. Please help me get out; I am getting my wind back, thank God. Corrections? This strategy ensured that Schultz always controlled which numbers won, guaranteeing a larger number of losers in Harlem and a multimillion-dollar-a-month tax-free income for Schultz. On television, in the 1959 The Untouchables episodes "Vincent 'Mad Dog' Coll", "The Dutch Schultz Story" and "Jack 'Legs' Diamond", Schultz was played by Lawrence Dobkin. During these trials, Schultzs defense costs were high, and he reduced the commissions he paid to those running his rackets to bolster what he called the Arthur Flegenheimer Defense Fund. This angered many of his gang members, who held a mass protest meeting and declared a strike of sorts. 26 June 1934); John David (b. Nathan Schultz, 23, from Stoke-on-Trent, failed to stop after hitting Agnieszka Pocztowska as she rode a bike in Crewe, Cheshire, in September 2020. Thanks for your help! Soon after his father's departure, Schultz left school, purportedly to support his mother. An email has been sent to the person who requested the photo informing them that you have fulfilled their request, There is an open photo request for this memorial. The two soon formed their own gang, opened more illegal drinking joints around the Bronx, and ran bootlegging operations for New York City bars. His father was a saloonkeeper who abandoned the family at 14, never to be heard from again. Kathy Alexander/Legends of America, updated November 2022. Best Life His business started deteriorating due to these trials. There was an error deleting this problem. Schultz even went as far as kidnapping and torturing a man who refused to buy their booze. Dutch's Spirits' signature product is New York Sugar Wash Moonshine, a handcrafted tribute to Schultz's hooch made in small batches with aroma notes of cut grass and butterscotch. Several actors have portrayed Dutch Schultz in film and television: Vic Morrow in Portrait of a Mobster (1961), Vincent Gardenia in Mad Dog Coll (1961), James Remar in The Cotton Club (1984), Dustin Hoffman in Billy Bathgate (1991), and Tim Roth in Hoodlum (1997). When released from prison he took up bootlegging and associated with both Lucky Luciano and Legs Diamond. They then allegedly wrapped a gauze bandage smeared with discharge from a gonorrhea infection over his eyes. The pair opened fire on the Schultz gang members, hitting all four before they fled. Please. Friends Ariel Schlein and Alex Adams co-founded Dutch's Spirits at Harvest Homestead Farm in 2010. Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. The Oldest Complete Fish Fossil was Discovered Thanks to Kung Fu. Get out. Dutch had a younger sister named Helen, born in 1904. He died soon after in the morning hours of the 24 th, but possibly not before he offered some clues to where he might have secreted a now lost treasure. On October 23, 1935, Schultz and four of his men were gunned down at a restaurant in Newark, New Jersey. He wanted to prosecute Schultz for his illegal policy business, but before that could happen Schultz was indicated on federal tax charges in October 1935. His gang operated slot machines and ran a policy racket, which was like a type of lottery. Arthur Flegenheimer (Dutch Schultz) Part 1 of 5 View. By this time, Schultz was supplying speakeasies in the Bronx with $2 million worth of alcohol and was bringing in large profits. Schultz, working through a hulking gangster named Jules Modgilewsky, also known as Julie Martin, made deals with the leaders of Waiters Local 16 and Cafeteria Workers Local 302 to extort money by forcing restaurant owners to join the Metropolitan Restaurant & Cafeteria Owners Association, an employer association that Schultz had founded.

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