Precipitation is usually distributed throughout the year. Many regions have different, often contrasting, microclimates. These climates tend to have hot, sometimes extremely hot, summers and mild to warm winters. Even in the driest month there is a lot of rain. Hot semi-arid climates (type "BSh") tend to be located in the tropics and subtropics. Winters are normally mild in the north, cool in the center and cold in the southern parts experiencing frequent frost and snow.
These areas usually see some snowfall during the winter, though snowfall is much lower than at locations at similar latitudes with more humid climates. Summer temperatures are high; winters are cooler and longer than Tropical Moist climates, Rainfall: Irregular; several years of drought are often followed by a single year of abundant rainfall. In climate classification, three isotherms means that delineate between hot and cold semi-arid climates — the 18 °C average annual temperature or that of the coldest month (0 °C or −3 °C), the warm side of the isotherm of choice defining a BSh climate from the BSk on the cooler side. For other uses, see, "BSk" redirects here.

In a broader sense, climate is the state of the components of the climate system, which includes the ocean and ice on Earth. Because southern parts of the country are moderated by the surrounding oceans, the cold is less intense and prolonged than areas at similar latitudes in the northern hemisphere. However, the most widespread climate classification is that Madrid presents a climate of transition between the Mediterranean climate and the cold semi-arid climate (BSk), with warm summers and relatively cold winters with frequent frosts and occasional snowfalls. One such location is San Diego, California (at its main airport), which has cool summers for the latitude due to prevailing winds off the ocean (so the average annual temperature is below 18°C) but mild winters (average temperature in January, 14°C, and closer to the 18.0°C isotherm that separates tropical and subtropical climates than to the 0°C or −3°C isotherm for the coldest month that separates temperate and continental climates). As a result of this, some areas can have climates that are classified as hot or cold semi-arid depending on the isotherm used. Lying between those is the Pampas region, featuring a mild and humid climate. A humid continental climate has a mean temperature between 29.9°F and 32°F in the coldest month of the year. These large diurnal temperature variations are seldom seen in hot semi-arid climates. The Climate of Venezuela is characterized for being tropical and isothermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator, but because of the topography and the dominant wind direction, several climatic types occur which can be the same as found in temperate latitudes, and even polar regions.

The climate here is mild, and generally warm and temperate. Finding the precipitation threshold (in millimeters) involves first multiplying the average annual temperature in °C by 20, then adding 280 if 70% or more of the total precipitation is in the high-sun half of the year (April through September in the Northern temperate zone, or October through March in the Southern), or 140 if 30%–70% of the total precipitation is received during the applicable period, or 0 if less than 30% of the total precipitation is so received. In Australia, a large portion of the Outback surrounding the central desert regions lies within the hot semi-arid climate region. Areas featuring cold semi-arid climates tend to have higher elevations than areas with hot semi-arid climates, and tend to feature major temperature swings between day and night, sometimes by as much as 20 °C (36 °F) or more in that time frame. Spain is the most climatically diverse country in Europe with 13 different Köppen climates, excluding the Canary Islands, and is within the 10 most climatically diverse countries in the world. Summers are warm within oceanic climate regimes, and hot within continental climate regimes. Semi-arid climates typically receive up to twice the amount of rain than desert regions do -- up to 20 inches per year.
The Dfb, Dwb and Dsb subtypes are also known as hemiboreal. As a result of this, some areas can have climates that are classified as hot or cold semi-arid depending on the isotherm used. Continental climates often have a significant annual variation in temperature. These climates tend to have hot, sometimes extremely hot, summers and warm to cool winters, with some to minimal precipitation. However, it the African Sahel or northern Australia, temperatures remain high throughout the year, so latitude is clearly the cause of temperature in Semiarid climate. This usually means large ungulates or herd animals such as: Predators such as wolves, lions, jackals or coyotes are also found in these regions, depending on the continent in question and whether the area is sub-tropical or temperate.

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