Finding the value of a vintage ax can be difficult, and you may need to do a lot of research and fact-checking before you can get a reasonable estimate of its worth. Wonder if your Plumb axe was once a piece of military hardware. May as well post some pics of the hatchet too. In addition, the blade flares on the bottom and straightens across the top. But apart from finding old axes yourself, you can also purchase antique axes online. Something went wrong. Artisan, Barcaloy, HEXALL, Motiv, and VOLUME A hatchet is meant for cutting, trimming, splitting, nailing, and tearing off old wooden shingles. within the scope of our coverage. Vintage felling axes are now very popular among collectors and sell for as high as a couple of hundred dollars. . "TSDR" document retrieval system. Award, Fuller, Used by Craftsman, New Britain Machine, and others, Found on Beckley-Ralston Master ratchet, V in a shield with small inner T, W in heraldic sword, used for wrenches, Text and Photographs Copyright 2005-2021 Alloy Artifacts. However, many people worldwide would disagree with them and proudly declare that owning an ax is a sign of true passion for the outdoors. From what I could find, it?s been about three years since someone asked about the age of a Plumb axe. The head (blade) is shaped like a thick wedge, with one sharp end and one blunt end, which looks like that of a sledgehammer. A hatchet is a miniature version of an axe. Although sales listings of these vintage axes have been few in recent years, a number of them have been sold on auction sites like eBayfor reasonable prices. Free shipping for many products! (It may help to throw in "gazette" or "trademark" as a search term.) Publication date 1896 When doing antique ax identification, the axes you may find are primarily metals. The first clue is if the axe has a brand marking on the head. The bit is considerably smaller than a felling ax and the total length is 24 inches, but it's much beefier and longer than my Marbles camp axe. 1. Identifying antique axes can be challenging if you do not know the types of axes. Free shipping for many products! Etsy uses cookies and similar technologies to give you a better experience, enabling things like: Detailed information can be found in Etsys Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy and our Privacy Policy. Its important to have a tight fit with minimal gaps to ensure the head is firmly fixed to the handle. Later on, axes had a flat surface with a thin poll. Note that the table is sorted first by company name and then by registration number. Keep your axe or hatchet safely secure while exploring your world with the Frost River Axe Loop Free Shipping On Orders $175 Or Over. TTE DE HACHE VINTAGE PLOMB #32 BIT UNIQUE motif Michigan avec tiquette = 3 livres 5,2 oz. Dayton Pattern Antique Plumb Felling Large Axe. View cart for details. By . In 1869, Fayette R. Plumb entered a partnership with Jonathan Yerkes, an established hammer manufacturer operating in the Frankford neighborhood of Philadelphia. The ancient Sakaand Scythianhorse-riding peoples of the vast Eurasian steppe utilized it as a shafted weapon. The size of the ax is between the size of a hatchet and a full-sized felling ax. Can be restored to usable condition. From Antiquity until the Middle Ages, foot warriors and occasionally mounted soldiers wielded throwing axes as weapons. Considering that the two have a similar appearance, people often think they are interchangeable. 04/03/2021: Added Billings "Country Club" and "Duo-Forged" trademarks. $15.50 + $10.40 shipping. You can compare these marks to brand logos online to see if they match up. Viking axes, also called Bearded axesor Skeggx, areprobably one of the oldest forms of axes. His company, The Man Edge Took Company is among the few manufacturers still in the axe-making business. Vintage tomahawks are now valuable collectibles among collectors, selling for excellent prices. In addition to registered trademarks, Felling axes are made primarily for chopping timber logs and felling trees. added B-Triangle, BMCo-Oval, FTF-Triangle, WKCo-Triangle, and BC-Circle logos. The web's best place for discussing knives and the outdoors, Login with username, password and session length. In some cases, Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for VINTAGE COLLINS LEGITIMUS AXE HEAD WITH ARM & HAMMER LOGO - VERY GOOD COND at the best online prices at eBay! It has a short and straight shaft without a bevel on edge. 04/10/2021: Added Herbrand "The Aristocrat" trademark #523,733. The use of throwing axes is now primarily limited to ax throwing, a competitive sport that has recently gained popularity. 02/19/2007: Added "Vacuum Grip" and "True-Fit" brands. That said, the earliest metal axe came from the Bronze Age (approximately 3,000 B.C. Antique Plumb Champion Double Bit Axe Head 3 1/2. How to restore an old axe Video Tutorial. 5 out of 5 stars (143) Sale Price $152.99 $ 152.99 $ 169.99 Original Price $169.99 . Early ice axes featured a vertical adze, and the cutting edge aligned with the shafts direction. That was the first time posting photos here. 02/01/2023: Added "Top" brand for Top Kogyo Company, added unknown HTM-Circle forge mark. in triangle and . Traditionally, hickory wood is used to make the handles since it is sturdy. Splitting mauls that were produced years ago are now fast-selling collectibles among collectors. Both claws are still there (usually they are broken off 334772818244. The marks are applied simply by hitting them with a hammer. Moreover, there was a change in the ice axes design in 1860. Usually the cutting edge will be down for to read the marks. Axe Handle. The term grub ax refers to the method of using the tool for grubbing in rocky terrain and compacted soil. 01/12/2012: Added Fulton trademark for Sears Roebuck. To enable personalized advertising (like interest-based ads), we may share your data with our marketing and advertising partners using cookies and other technologies. But according to Brett McLeod in his book Shaped a Continent, The good news is that collectors still report finding Black Raven axes at barn sales, auctions, and flea markets for a few dollars. (source). They were often very well-balanced and rarely weighed more than two pounds, making them easy to carry and use in combat. The darker area has been tempered to increase hardness and edge retention. Made 165959088799. Get the best deals on Plumb Collectible Axes & Hatches when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. Vintage Plumb 3 Double Bit Cruiser Axe Head Collector Timber Log Truck Woodsman. All that remains is a few coats of boiled linseed oil or tung oil to finish and protect the wood. 10/26/2005: Added None Better NB-Circle logo. adidas x wales bonner t shirt. A vintage flint-edge felling ax by Kelly Worksin fair condition was recently sold on eBay for almost $190. Free shipping for many products! Menu. You must log in or register to reply here. but no corresponding registration could be found in the USPTO TESS database. The Pulaski, which can dig soil and chop wood, is used to build firebreaks. Drill a series of holes across the wedge. 04/13/2007: Added "Groove-Joint" trademark. Axes are one of the oldest and most important tools ever invented and have been in use for thousands of years. If youre on top of a roof and dont want to be dragging around many different tools, a roofing ax is a perfect tool to hold because of its multiple purposes. JavaScript is disabled. However, stay away from antique axes with missing large chunks from any part of the head. Plumb would put the same head on handles of various lengths, then call it a different name. Bit is 5 12 wide Bit to poll is 8 Poll 3 34 x 1 12, and has been hammered on over the century. Many sellers on Etsy offer personalized, made-to-order items. Vintage Walters black diamond axe. Old Tools. VINTAGE WARREN SINGLE Bit Axe Head No Handle - EUR 41,52. Coming across a vintage double-bit ax in good shape is quite difficult these days, making them valuable among collectors. Original Price $775.71 added. This large handle gives the operator more leverage and a more powerful swing, which results in a superior cut. It was one of the earliest woodworking tools used by the early settlers of the Orbostdistrict. where "XYZ" are the observed letters, and Outline is the enclosing shape. Knives And Tools. This page will present tables of registered trademarks, brand names and informal trademarks, the "Company" column is generally the entity name that filed the application. Copyright 2023 Metal Detecting Tips and River Traditions LLC, This site is owned and operated by River Traditions LLC, a limited liability company headquartered in Michigan, USA. Plumb is a brand of hand tools owned by Apex Tool Group. These are one of the most sought-after and collectible American axes around. Top 25 Types of Axes & Axe Heads. the maker may have claimed the brand as a trademark, Your email address will not be published. Some to watch for include: Stanley's zig-zag rule that folds in 15 places. 1. pathway to victory sermon outlines . (usually they are broken off 334772818244. Metal Detecting Tip: To really dial in your metal detecting game learn about the different frequencies. We all find old axe heads when metal detecting. Some styles of axe are very valuable and learning how to find an antique takes a bit of education. A vintage WWII crash ax was sold recently on eBay for $50. Richard is the founder of thewoodcuttersson.com and is crazy about everything to do with axes, hatchets, chainsaws and forestry tools. A double-bit axe has two blades one blade was sharpened to a narrow felling edge, while the second blade was slightly blunter. DE. Moreover, another type of broad axe is called the goose-wing broad axe. But when they do, they sell for reasonable prices. 24.8667, Longitude. and the TSDR system retrieves trademark documents based on the registration (or serial) number. For newer but still traditional in their craftsmanship, Gransfors Bruk, Hults Bruk or even Council Tool or Snow & Nealley in the USA produce some of the finest axes available today. Get the best deals on Vintage Axe Head. The most familiar type of antique axe (also correctly spelled "ax") is the felling axe, whose long, curved handle increases its impact when cutting at the trunk of a tree. Vintage shepherds axes rarely come up in the collectors market. Nice work! Or even selling at yard sales or flea markets for a few dollars. BTW - I thought some might find this interesting. column gives the 7-digit registration number, Does shopping on Etsy help support small businesses? (Popular outlines are Triangle, Diamond, Hex, Oval, and Circle, plus Shield and Horseshoe.). Old Hudson Bay axes are now collectibles that collectors consider valuable. The raised Winchester lettering is also jagged but less so than die stamped marks. Vintage Plumb #4 Double Bit Cruiser Saddle . For instance, a hatchet looks similar to an axe, confusing people about how they differ, especially when identifying antique axes. No clue on the age, but I bet that will be a great user! Markings. If it's still holding on after that maybe a few more holes with a slightly larger drill bit and not very deep at all. ANTIQUE/VTG PHILADELPHIA TOOL Co. Carpenter Claw Hatchet/Axe Hammer Nail Puller - $4.82. . Hence, it is so valuable that only a part of the ax can be sold for a reasonable price. A vintage hunters ax by Wetterlings Axeswas sold recently on eBay for roughly $114. These axes have a long head and short grip, making them perfect for usage in confined spaces. To search a beach youve GOT TO HAVE A SAND SCOOP. A vintage military grub ax in fair shape was sold on eBay for $50. FREE MONEY! 11/12/2015: Added Zenel trademark for Bonney. Most vintage splitting mauls are now hard to come by these days in mint condition, and just the head alone could sell for a reasonable price in the collectors market. The head should be set down on the shoulder of the haft. 4,129. The head is molded into the metal and can't be . In order to enter the aircraft from the outside or to make a hole in the aircraft from the inside if all other exits are blocked, the blade is used to cut through sheet metal. The result is amazing! Another seller on Etsy recently put up an ancient Kievan Viking battle ax head for sale for $145. Take full advantage of our site features by enabling JavaScript. Other famous axe makers whose axes can still be found, restored and used today are the Kelly - True Temper, Mann Edge Tool, Plumb, Spiller, and Vaughn. However, an axe with any said identifiers will be more valuable than the no-name ones. SourceEtsy.com Five x antique plumb bob with rope, ca.1920. The brand is known for its hammers and hatchets. Raised marks are usually found only in heavy thick bodied tools such as planes. touch marks and other decoration 15"" edge G+. Some basic tools and some woodworking abilities are all you need to restore your first axe. It features a hard handle made of wood, plastic, or fiberglass, similar to a cutter mattock. Typically, axes made 100 years ago comprized of high quality steel and were forged by hand with traditional methods. What do you intend to do to dress it up? a search for the outline shape followed by "image" will show all logos with that outline. have all been found to be registered trademarks. Free delivery and returns on eBay Plus items for Plus members. Please examine all photos carefully for condi Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Vintage Log Splitter Axe Wood Chopping Tool Blue Cast Iron DASCO 806 13lbs at the best online prices at eBay! History. Vintage Warren single bit axe head for your collection or use. For the next 100 years, members of the Mann family would establish and operate axe factories at four main locations in central Pennsylvania: Axemann-Bellefonte in Centre County (Spring Creek); Reedsville-Yeagertown and Lewistown in . (source). FOR SALE! . The Plumb axe head after soaking 24 hours, rinsed, then washed in soap & water. This auction is for a vintage lathing hatchet made by Plumb. Other Vintage Tools. Looks like it is in pretty good condition and most Plumbs . Three common big brand names from back in the day where Plumb,Kelly and Hytest .Australia saw the development of it own style of axe with the of the Tasmania pattern axe. Two vintage axes, one is marked Plumb and the other is marked TrueTemper R2S. Choose the options youd like for the order. 12/11/2021: Added "Unique" trademark 130,995 for Will B. 12/07/2010: Added Stix-On and Vitalloy trademarks. B. For instance, a mortising axe has a long and narrow head to accommodate the size of a mortise hole. 10/25/2005: Added table of brands and informal trademarks. Pristine examples can bring auction prices north of $1,000. People used broad axes until the end of the 19th century. [External Link]. Hey all. Then, youll need to look up the value of that specific ax on online tools like eBays vintage ax guide. However, the design is only for single-handed use, so there isnt enough power to split large woods. 6 bids. to 1,300 B.C.). It is now hardly seen in everyday use. 12/16/2021: Added "Varco" trademark 182,374 for Abegg & Reinhold. In the Middle Ages, European miners used this ax to extract metallic ores from the ground. The collector value of the hatchet will be much less with a new handle. Scythian axes are arguably the rarest vintage axes, and it is almost impossible to see one in good condition. Antique axes usually have either a marking embossed on them, etchings, or even stamps. white vinegar for 24 hours should darken the tempered edge. Plumb started to use the Permabond system in the 70s - which now is approaching 40 years ago - so there is no doubt it is +50 years old. The rest is basic woodworking that will require a band saw for cutting and a belt sander and hand file for shaping. It is very wide at the grip and tapers down to a very thin neck. The firemans ax was invented in 1911 by Ed Pulaski, an assistant ranger for the US Forest Service. During antique axe identification, the size and shape of the axe are the top features that can help you identify them. For instance, a vintage mortising ax was sold on eBay for around $55. I start with a small bit, like 1/16 , an an eggbeater drill try to guess how deep the wedge should be and then drill a little less deep. Great example. Youll need to do some research to know how much your vintage ax is worth. Kentucky Unearthed Products; Cart; . The reason is that the fire axe has the only axe with a cutting edge and a pointed edge. For this reason, people used it primarily for timber framing and log buildings. I'm just getting into collecting vintage axes and I bought this Plumb recently for a few bucks. Cracks are a problem, we don't want cracks in the steel. On the other hand, a hatchet is a single-handed tool. 11/13/2015: Expanded fields in trademarks table to include filing and issue dates. These are closely related concepts that define the way a company There are 3 things to look for when assessing an old axe. It was manufactured at the companys foundry located in Charleston, West Virginia. Vintage PLUMB 4.5 lb AXE & Original Handle USA, 4 1/2 lb, NICE -Woodchop, Axeman. Check out what I found in this news clip. 05/20/2010: Added Whitman & Barnes WBCo-Diamond logo. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 12/13/2015: Added long-sought Hinsdale trademark! For instance, if you go metal detecting and find an old axe, learning how to identify them will help you tell whether they are antique or not. Antique axe identification is an essential factor for collectors to know. This has happened recently (2021, 2022) as brands Its also home to a whole host of one-of-a-kind items made with love and extraordinary care. Post author By ; impossible burger font Post date July 1, 2022; southern california hunting dog training . . #3. I was seriously bitten by the metal detecting bug. 1 bid. . As a comparison, here is a pic of the hatchet next to a plumb felling bit. Compared to a felling ax, the head of a splitting maul is heavier and weighs about eight pounds. Click Buy it now or Add to cart and proceed to checkout. Antique Plumb Double Bit Axe w/30" Handle Tung Oil Sealed Fireman Lumberjack ad vertisement by SeekUniqueVintage. A double-bit ax contains two blades, one of which is sharp and the other which is somehow blunt. USA . 11/15/2005: Added "Allenite", "Riverside", and "Thorsen" trademarks. If nothing is known about a potential trademark, Older forest axes sell for reasonable prices among collectors. Vintage crash axes now sell for prices between $40 and $100 on auction sites. $0.99 . What made the Black Raven a premium axe was its etchings gilded in gold paint. Looks as if it's been over-struck. Maybe someone has new information since then. If there are markings, this resource from YesteryearsTools is a fantastic resource to help identify your vintage axe head. Vintage/Antik PLUMB USA 2 Pfund 5 Unzen Broadhead Hewing Axtkopf mit 5 Zoll Bit in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! Fine: Fine means that a Plumb broad axe or hatchet has seen reasonable use and that its blade remains rust-free, although signs of wear may show on the wooden handle. For instance, an antique medieval Swedish Viking ax head was sold recently on eBay for $100. If the edge of the axe looks like someone attempted to sharpen it using an electric grinder, consider it as a deal-breaker. Table 2 lists a number of word marks used as brand names or informal trademarks, with notes indicating the particular use. This is partly because they are not as rare as most vintage axes. AU $10.00. The trademark records maintained by the USPTO are publicly available and 04/23/2021: Removed Vlchek "Motiv" brand since trademark was found. 12/10/2010: CFT-Oval attributed to Herbrand. having been incised into the forging die. many tools are marked with words or stamped images serving as brand names or informal trademarks. For instance, an antique Scythian war battle ax head was sold recently on eBay for roughly $98. 0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic. 10/13/2005: Added several more tool logos, fixed navigation links. overall weight. Some mortising axes also have double bits. For some reason they did not embed onto the post. Many axes manufactured in the 19th and 20th centuries are now considered vintage axes and can be worth some good dollars. 02/08/2023: Added "Auto-Grip" brand for Cleveland Wrench. A soak in vinegar might reveal the temper line a little better. Ice axes first gained popularity when people began harvesting icein the winter and storing it for use in the summer. 03/05/2011: Added Three Peaks Giken Company. A vintage ax can be worth a lot of money due to its rarity, design, or the name that is stamped on it. We enable professional resellers and retail stores to buy from vintage clothing suppliers around the world. 01/29/2009: Added Bonaloy, Old Forge, and Tomahawk trademarks, BESCO trade name. I put the age somewhere in the 50's probably. This ax was created primarily to cut wood into kindling. Until the end of the 19th century, broad axes were employed in Europe and North America. A roofing ax (a roofing hatchet or slaters ax) is a high-quality craftsmans tool. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Antique ATHA TOOL CO. Broadhead Hewing AXE ADZE Head 10 1/4" EDGE at the best online prices at eBay! I've removed a few handles without damaging them. Hinsdale [logo] 0178291: 10/01/1919: 07/18/1923: . If you want to know more about the whys and wherefores of choosing this iconic bit of Americana to collect, then read on about the ongoing Plumb company and their contribution to tool history since 1869. This ax is a small, handheld tool with a sharp, smooth, or serrated blade and a short handle. You may think that the hatchet you dug is some axe during antique axe identification. NICE! Unless the cracks are severe, I would try to keep the original handle with the stamping intact. In fair condition, a vintage Kelly Works firemans ax was sold recently on eBayfor roughly $170. $65.00. For that reason, metal detector hobbyists need to know how to identify an antique axe. This vintage Plumb Axe Display is absolutely awesome! A felling axe head should be fitted to a handle around 30 inches. The only chance you got at a education is listenin' to me talk! Sellers looking to grow their business and reach more interested buyers can use Etsys advertising platform to promote their items. 12/09/2021: Added trademarks 161,434 and 161,435 for Champion Tool. You can easily recognize this type of axe if you dug one when metal detecting. Virtually all quality axe manufacturers included their name or etching on the cheek of the axe; in some cases, a bit of steel wool is needed to reveal a clear enough stamp or etching to identify the maker. The specific systems used were the "TESS" database for structured searches and the These evolved to deal with the hard woods found in Australian. The nearly bullet proof Lesche T- Handle Shovel is the most comfortable heavy duty shovel Ive ever used. This way, you may find clues to how old the axe you found is. Vintage firemans axes contain the fire companys monogram on their heads, making them valuable. When someone refers to a collectible ax, theyre referring to an ax worth more than its functionality as a tool. Menu. Lets look at some of the most valuable vintage ax categories and see whether you can profit from them if you are lucky enough to have any of them. Before the advent of industrial sawmills, this carpentry (hewing) was frequently employed in wood processing. For trademark research, Brand name for self-adjusting nut and pipe wrench, Brand used for open-end and open+box wrenches, Brand used for top-quality tools from 1936-1939, Brand used for alloy steel tools in early to mid 1930s, Descriptive term used as a brand on wrenches, Brand used for alloy steel tools in mid 1930s, Brand used for valve tools, wrenches, and socket sets, Brand for tools, sometimes as Ward's Eclipse, Brand used for box-end wrenches in mid 1930s, Japanese trademark for adjustable wrenches, Brand for tools, sometimes as Ward's Lakeside, Brand for tools, sometimes as Ward's Master Quality, Brand used for screwdrivers, wrenches, other tools, Brand used for box-end wrenches in 1932-1933, Japanese trademark for ratchet-action wrenches, Brand used for tools, sometimes in a diamond logo, Used on early tools and contract production, Japanese trademark typically forged into tools, X in center of wrench handles, from patent D97325, Stylized D used on early Duro sockets, JIS inside a circle; tool meets JIS requirements, Appears on older open-end and S wrenches, Used on contract production, e.g. In the 1850s, William Mann created the first double-bit ax. Table 2 lists a number of word marks used as brand names or informal trademarks, Cruising sticks with a brass tab at one end. 1925 advertisement for Plumb-brand hammers. It is not surprising why axe collectors constantly seek the Black Raven. . 328 An early Austrian coopers hatchet with H.D. Axes are also useful for chopping, where you can place the log on a chopping block and bring the ax down with a single blow without making a split in the wood first. The handle ought to fit firmly even if cracks show in the wood. While many of the items on Etsy are handmade, youll also find craft supplies, digital items, and more. 11/16/2015: Added a newly-found trademark for Champion Tool. If any of our readers have found additional logos that should be added, The firemans ax, also known as the Pulaski, is a unique hand tool that combines an ax and an adze into one head and is used to combat flames, especially wildfires. The long and narrow head of the ax makes it simpler to cut through big logs. Hatchets are minor axes that you can use with one hand. Plumb made some great axes. Ad vertisement from shop SeekUniqueVintage. For example, searching for "circle image" will show all of the logos with text in a circle. Moreover, hand axes are 1.5 million years B.P. Vintage axes are an exciting collectible because they are a piece of history you can hold and use in your hands. The steel used a hundred years ago is superior to most axes made today. This is particularly true for organizations like the USDA Forest Service. On average, they sell for prices between $20 and $40. A recent sale of a vintage miners ax was made on eBay. The axes under this name are distinct due to their etchings. It resembles a felling ax in design and features a long wooden handle for a powerful stroke. Lane. These axes may have had highly complex etching on the head that became a status symbol among miners throughout the years. Rulers that combined other tools such as compasses, levels or squares. 16 1/2" long ash handle. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. which have been digitized by Google. These dates were generally not subject to validation and may be rough estimates in some cases, Additionally, ancient people probably used it for digging up tubers and butchering animals. After MET acquired Collins, Mann kept the brand and continued to make them in their factory. If you're trying to identify an unknown logo, 24" is a handy length and about the minimum for that size axe. With a little restoration the results can be amazing and can provide you with an axe that will last a lifetime. The key to identifying an old axe head is by the makers mark, which is not always visible in really old axe heads. An axe is a specialized tool that users need to hold with two hands in order to maximize the striking power. You can expect to sell them reasonably even if they are not in good shape. In addition, a goose-wing broad axe has a unique character as its axehead resembles a flying goose. That size haft is more popular on the Hudson Bay style boys axes. An ax and a hatchet are tools for wood chipping, which people have been using for centuries. Moreover, iron axes from this period are now 900 to 3,000 years old. Cleaning 2. . Spit and Polish. Learn more. of Daido Corp. Bronze Age and post-medieval treasure found in Wales, Five treasure finds dating from the Bronze Age to post-medieval periods discovered by metal detectorists have officially been declared treasure. The "Reg." Harry & Abrams Inc., 2021. https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=rYrQDwAAQBAJ&dq=how+to+buy+an+antique+axe&source=gbs_navlinks_s. During this time, ancient people created cutting tools made out of stone known as a hand axe. It was used in the past by Shepherds in the Carpathian Mountainsand adjacent areas that today make up Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Ukraine, Romania, and Hungary. (. please let us know via email. Check if anything has been re-profiled or there are significant damages that can affect the items structural integrity. It leads us to the question how are antique axes identified. The "First Use" column gives the date of the first public use of the mark,
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