For most of the five centuries of its existence, the empire did not have easily computable valid data except figures for the number of employed citizens. Six famines hit Egypt alone between 1687 and 1731 and the last famine to hit Anatolia was four decades later. Over this time the empire's size was reduced from over 3 million square kilometres to around 1 million square kilometres. Epidemic diseases and famine caused major disruption and demographic changes. Results of regional studies on this data were published later, which were sorted by their publication date. Over this time the empire's size was reduced from over 3 million square kilometres to around 1 million square kilometres. Numbers of both male and female subjects are given in ethno-religious categories including Muslims, Greeks (including Greek Macedonians, Asia Minor Greeks, Pontic Greeks, and Caucasus Greeks, all orthodoxal christians under the Greek patriarchate from extremely distinct ethnic origin), Armenians, Bulgarians, Catholics, Jews, Protestants, Latins, Syriacs and Gypsies.[2][3].

In 1914, the Ottoman population was 18.5 million, similar to that of 1800. Some migrations left indelible marks such as political tension between parts of the empire (e.g. Some regions conversely had population falls - Belgrade saw its population drop from 25,000 to 8,000 mainly due to political strife. This page was last modified on 8 November 2015, at 03:32. Ottoman Population Records and the Census of 1881/82-1893. The rise of port cities saw the clustering of populations caused by the development of steamships and railroads.
This means there was a doubling of population, increasing population densities in the empire. In 1785 around one sixth of the Egyptian population died from plague and Aleppo saw its population reduced by twenty percent in the 18th century. Figures from 1831 onwards are available as official census results, but the censuses did not cover the whole population. Studies on Ottoman social and political history, Kemal H. Karpat, p.766, 2002, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Stanford Jay Shaw, p.241, 1977. Iznik pottery. Economies were also impacted with the loss of artisans, merchants, manufacturers and agriculturists. Karpat, Kemal. Demographic data for most of the history of the Ottoman Empire is not quite precise.

A summary table of his analysis included in the page 199.

1893-96, Green shows Muslim majority, red shows Armenian majority.

Ottoman Population Records and the Census of 1881/82-1893.
After 1906 the Ottoman Empire began to disband and a chain of violent wars such as the Italo-Turkish War, Balkan Wars and World War I drastically changed the region, its borders, and its demographics.

This led to the establishment of a General Population Administration, attached to the Ministry of Interior in 1881-1882. This means there was a doubling of population, increasing population densities in the empire. [1], The first official census (1881–1893) took 10 years to finish. In 1914, the Ottoman population was 18.5 million, similar to that of 1800. Ankara: T.C. The Ottoman Census System and Population, 1831-1914. International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies (9):323-338. During the World War I; The treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire was a book by Viscount Bryce and Arnold J. Toynbee which compiled statements from eyewitnesses from other countries including Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland, who similarly attested to Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during 1915-1916. Another source was used for the numbers of landlords of households in the Ottoman Empire- every household was assumed to have 5 residents. For example the Russian and Austria-Habsburg annexation of the Crimean and Balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of Muslim refugees – 200,000 Crimean Tartars fleeing to Dobruja. Turkey was declared a republic on October 29, … SKY, Take the road less traveled with National Geographic's Rogue Trip, now streaming on Disney+, STREAM NOW* Port cities like Salonica, in Greece, saw its population rise from 55,000 in 1800 to 160,000 in 1912 and Izmir which had a population of 150,000 in 1800 grew to 300,000 by 1914. For example, the 1831 census only counted men and did not cover the whole empire .

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