The first descriptions of Greenlandic date from the 1600s. However, since Greenlandic has an enormous potential for the derivation of new words from existing roots, many modern concepts have Greenlandic names that have been invented rather than borrowed: qarasaasiaq "computer" which literally means "artificial brain". U of Minnesota Press, 2008, p. 133, Louis-Jacques Dorais. [29], The degree to which the assimilation of consonant clusters has taken place is an important dialectal feature separating Polar Eskimo, Inuktun, which still allows some ungeminated consonant clusters, from West and East Greenlandic. 500 MOST COMMON VERBS IN DANISH Most common Danish verbs ~ page 3 out of 13 dømme dømmer dømte har dømt havde dømt døm b2 efterlade efterlader efterlod har efterladt havde efterladt efterlad uv eje ejer ejede har ejet havde ejet b1 eksistere eksisterer eksisterede har eksisteret havde eksisteret b1 elske elsker elskede har elsket havde elsket elsk b1 Going through the whole page should take about 30 min. moods that mark the speech act as a request or wish. [35] The following examples show the possibilities of leaving out the verbal arguments: Intransitive clause with no subject noun phrase: Intransitive clause with subject noun phrase: Transitive clause with no overt arguments: Transitive clause with agent noun phrase: Transitive clause with patient noun phrase: The Greenlandic language uses case to express grammatical relations between participants in a sentence. It is often used in appositional phrases such as relative clauses.[64]. This alphabet employed the special character kra (Κʼ / ĸ) which was replaced by q in the 1973 reform. ;͔�EϤ���i-0�#�9�?�`�QN�,�R�9�C�*R�)�oDVq��B��lB�h��Tc�t��ƮM5�צ �6�vG�]�Oho�N7=�J���B�K)��-g��>>Ťq#*R�'QN�����)6Jn�C6�!�������XMRxPQM"> ��},3c���YB���+|�?����⧺9H�i�dVf�mYI+7�)ԵhR�D��n�"K3tQۜ;R��_�Z# Often, a single verb uses more than one derivational suffix, resulting in very long words. The Greenlandic three vowel system, composed of /i/, /u/, and /a/, is typical for an Eskimo–Aleut language. Particles do not inflect.[35]. 6 0 obj [73] Its evidential meaning causes the combination of first person and sima to be sometimes marked.[74]. The primary morphosyntactic alignment of full noun phrases in Kalaallisut is ergative-absolutive, but verbal morphology follows a nominative-accusative pattern and pronouns are syntactically neutral. [97], The equative case describes similarity of manner or quality. There are hundreds of such derivational suffixes. However, some linguists have suggested that Greenlandic always marks future tense. Verbs are inflected for one of eight moods and for the number and person of its subject and object. 11 0 obj And the word Inuktitut itself, when translated into Kalaallisut, becomes Inuttut. It is also used to express the meaning of "give me" and to form adverbs from nouns: The allative case describes movement towards something.[96]. All non-nasal consonants in a cluster are voiceless. [63], The participial mood is used to construct a subordinate clause describing its subject in the state of carrying out an activity. The vowel that was originally *ɪ has the variant [a] when preceding another vowel and sometimes disappears before certain suffixes. [ /ICCBased 20 0 R ] An extensive orthographic reform was undertaken in 1973 and made the script much easier to learn. There are two transitive positive imperative paradigms: a standard one and another that is considered rude and is used usually to address children. It is used when the matrix clause and the subordinate clause have different subjects. ���/C�m� �`颤GiL�����6/�D(�r-��Z���ڵ�A�C� The language's morphosyntactic alignment being ergative, it treats (case-marks) the argument ("subject") of an intransitive verb like the object of a transitive verb but differently from the agent ("subject") of a transitive verb.

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