by means of a diacritic). Most of these ligatures are easily recognizable, but a few may not be, particularly those involving the letter ប bâ. The International Phonetic Alphabet is sometimes used to transcribe Khmer, based either on their pronunciation or on their Khmer spelling. When both members of a cluster are dominant, the subscript consonant determines the pronunciation of a following dependent vowel. The Khmer script (Khmer: អក្សរខ្មែរ [ʔaʔsɑː kʰmae])[2] is an abugida (alphasyllabary) script used to write the Khmer language (the official language of Cambodia). Aksoon Khoom: Khmer Heritage in Thai and Lao Manuscript Cultures. Igunma, Jana.

In large numbers, groups of three digits are delimited with Western-style periods. Words spelled with an independent vowel whose sound begins [r] or [l] follow after all words beginning with the consonants រ rô and ល lô respectively. All simple vowels have to be with a consonant. Words with the bântăk and sanhyoŭk sannha diacritics are ordered directly after identically spelled words without the diacritics. The bântăk (a small vertical line written over the final consonant of a syllable) has the following effects: The sanhyoŭk sannha is equivalent to the a dependent vowel with the bântăk. The vowel is pronounced after the consonant (or cluster), even though some of the symbols have graphical elements which appear above, below or to the left of the consonant character. The U+17Ex series contains the Khmer numerals, and the U+17Fx series contains variants of the numerals used in divination lore. Western-style punctuation marks are quite commonly used in modern Khmer writing, including French-style guillemets for quotation marks. In some words, a single medial consonant symbol represents both the final consonant of one syllable and the initial consonant of the next. Spaces are used within sentences in roughly the same places as commas might be in English, although they may also serve to set off certain items such as numbers and proper names. Start studying Khmer Vowels. Social registers Khmer employs a system of registers which include those used for informal speech, polite speech, speaking to or about royals, and speaking to or about monks. Absence of a dependent vowel (or diacritic) often implies that a syllable-initial consonant is followed by the sound of its inherent vowel. However, in some words adopted from Pali and Sanskrit, what would appear to be a final consonant under normal rules can actually be the initial consonant of a following syllable and pronounced with a short vowel as if followed by ាក់. [5] The modern Khmer script differs somewhat from precedent forms seen on the inscriptions of the ruins of Angkor. The independent vowels are used in a small number of words, mostly of Indic origin, and consequently there is some inconsistency in their use and pronunciations. Like other Austroasiatic languages, Khmer is an analytic language, i.e., it does not use inflections to express grammatical relations. Consonant clusters are allowed at the beginning, but not at the end of words. Vowels are indicated by using either separate letters or diacritics written above, below, in front of, after, or around the consonants.
As mentioned above, the four configurations with diacritics exemplified in the syllables អុំ អំ អាំ អះ are treated as dependent vowels in their own right, and come in that order at the end of the list of dependent vowels. The consonants and their subscript forms are listed in the following table. In casual speech, these are most often reduced to /ə/ for both series. Khmer has 17-21 consonants, depending on the dialect. The letter រ rô is silent when final (in most dialects; see Northern Khmer). This makes for a total of 31 possible vowel nuclei…

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