Richard Giragosian, a political analyst at a Yerevan-based think tank, spoke with Anthony Bourdain last fall about Armenian history and the lasting effects of the 1915 genocide—a characterization Turkey denies to this day. [citation needed], The events of November 1989 confirmed that outside factors were significant catalysts for the downfall of Communism in Czechoslovakia. The first anti-government demonstrations occurred in 1988 (the Candle Demonstration, for example) and 1989, but these were dispersed and participants were repressed by the police. Its founding members included Milan Kňažko, Ján Budaj and others. On 10 December, President Gustáv Husák appointed the first largely non-communist government in Czechoslovakia since 1948, and resigned. However, national factors, including the economic and political crisis and the actions of groups and individuals working towards a transformation, destabilised support for the system. On 27 November, a two-hour general strike involving all citizens of Czechoslovakia was held. Striking students forced the representatives of the Slovak government and of the Communist Party of Slovakia to participate in a dialogue, in which the official representatives were immediately put on the defensive. [18], Conspiracy theorists tried to portray the revolution as a plot by the StB, KGB, reformists among party members or Mikhail Gorbachev. Charter 77 was quashed by the government and its signed members were persecuted until the fall of the regime in Czechoslovakia. Reform-minded attitudes were also reflected by the many individuals who signed a petition that circulated in the summer of 1989 calling for the end of censorship and the beginning of fundamental political reform.[4]. The first mass demonstration in Prague (100,000 people) and the first demonstrations in Bratislava occurred. During the night, they had summoned 4,000 members of the "People's Militias" (Lidové milice, a paramilitary organisation subordinated directly to the Communist Party) to Prague to crush the protests, but called them off. The Little Czech and The Great Czech Nation: National identity and the post-communist transformation of society. As a result, Čarnogurský was released on 23 November. For 2 weeks there were no lessons in the universities and in many schools. On 20 November, the number of protesters assembled in Prague grew from 200,000 the previous day to an estimated 500,000. 73,500[11]) from Czechoslovakia. The instructors went marching and joined together. The next day more citizens came to the Republic Square to make their voices heard. College students went on strike. There should be free elections and winners should always be the people. Second, Armenia is a mono-ethnic country backed by a powerful diaspora. Baev, Pavel K. (2020) Preserving the alliance against tall odds: Armenia's Velvet Revolution as a challenge to Russia, in Ohanyan, Anna; & Laurence Broers, eds, Armenia's Velvet Revolution: Authoritarian Decline and Civil Resistance in a Multipolar World.

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